Plant analysis is a useful tool in monitoring nutritional status, recommending fertilizer rates and types, and maximizing fertilizer efficiency, if the chemical analysis results are correctly interpreted. Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) approach is a comprehensive system which does not have limitations of the critical value approach (CVA) and sufficiency range approach (SRA). Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of Iran's commercial tree crops for which there is no sufficient data available for making fertilizer recommendations. In this investigation the amount of nutrients in leaf samples and yield from 151 pomegranate orchards Throughout Yazd province were determined for two years (1996-98). According to the DRIS technique, the whole population was divided into two groups based on yield performance as high and low yielding sub-population with dividing line of 14 t ha-1 yields. The mean of each sub-population was calculated for various forms of expression. Variance ratios between yield of sub-population for all forms of expressions were calculated along with the coefficient of variation (CV). In order to select the best reference norms two factors were taken into account involving the largest of variance ratio (SB/SA) and the concentration of elements during growth stage. 45 reference norms were selected. DRIS indices for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were calculated using Quick Basic and Excel software. These reference norms as well as the DRIS indices are useful in determining nutritional problems of pomegranate trees.

e legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran has foreseen non-judicial control methods to protect the Sharia and the constitution and this is done by the Guardian Council. While the Iranian constitution on different principles than "constitution" and "Sharia" as the main norms Guardian Council to review the decisions of Parliament have anticipated; but by examining the practical practice of the Guardian Council it is clear that this council has, in some cases, adopted its own norms, such as ordinary laws, The decisions of the Expediency Discernment Council, the general policy of the system, the statutes of some revolutionary institutions, and so on. In this article, by carefully examining the norms, it is clear that the implementation of parliamentary approvals with the general policies of the system and the statutes of some revolutionary institutions is justified because it is approved by the Supreme Leader and is considered a government decree and it may also be possible to implement parliamentary approvals of some of these norms in order to improve the quality of the law and to bring transparency to the rules. This is despite the fact that the implementation of parliamentary approvals by the Council of Ministers by the Guardian Council is not rational and legal, even if it is aimed at disambiguation and transparency in the laws. This paper tries to criticize the Guardian Council's practical approach with an analytical descriptive method and providing examples of these norms.

Objectives The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd ed., Bayley III) are widely used to assess cognitive, language, and motor development of children aged 1–, 42 months. It is unclear whether or not the reference norms of the Bayley III are acceptable for use in other populations or lead to over-or underestimating the developmental status of target children. This study aimed to compare the Tehran norms to the reference norms. Materials & Methods We used Bayley III norms to assess cognitive, language, and motor development of 1, 674 healthy children from health care centers in Tehran. Differences between the scaled scores were calculated based on the Tehran and reference norms. A one-sample multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to control the mean difference scores over all subtests. When MANOVA showed significant differences between the scaled scores based on the Tehran and reference norms, we used univariate analysis to see which subtest and age group led to these significant differences. Finally, the proportions of children with low scores (scaled scores <7 or-1 SD and <4 or-2 SD) based on 2 norms were compared using the McNemar test to determine the overor underestimation of developmental delay. Results The scaled scores based on the Tehran norms varied across values based on the reference norms in all subtests. The mean differences were significant in all 5 subtests (p <. 05) with large effect sizes for receptive and expressive communication, fine and gross motorsubtests of. 20, . 23, . 14, and. 25, respectively, as well as with a small effect size for the cognition subtest of. 02. Large effect sizes for all age groups were found for cognition, expressive communication, and fine motor subtests. More children scored below 1 and 2 SD using the Tehran norms. Using the reference norms resulted in underestimation of developmental delay regarding cognitive, receptive and expressive communication, and fine and gross motor skills. Conclusion Population-specific norms should be used to identify children with low scores for referral and intervention. The Tehran norms differed from the reference norms for all subtests, and these differences were clinically significant.

Plant analysis is successfully used in monitoring nutritional status, recommending fertilizer rates and types, and maximizing fertilizer efficiency in sugar beet. Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) is a comprehensive approach which does not have limitations of the critical value approach (CVA) and sufficiency range approach (SRA). Over- dose application of fertilizer increases root yield but decreases crop quality. In this investigation, the amount of nutrients in leaf samples and yields from 383 fields throughout Khuzestan province were determined for three years. Then, database containing 5500 data including yields and concentration of nutrients was made. According to the DRIS method, the whole sampled fields were divided into two low and high yielding populations based on root yield of 53 tha-1 and white sugar yield 6.3 tha1. Then, all forms of expression were determined in each sub-population and the variance was calculated. In order to select the best reference norms, the largest variance ratio (SB/SA) was taken into account. Finally, 55 reference norms were selected. DRIS indices were calculated using Excel software. Mean concentration of NO3-N, N, P, K, S was 0.891, 3.98, 0.27, 3.16, 0.52 percentage and for Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and B was 109, 34, 361, 16.5 and 40 mgkg-1. In order to check the precision, accuracy and usefulness of the norms and indices, the results of two fertilizer experiment were evaluated. The results showed that these reference norms as well as the DRIS indices seems to be useful in determining nutritional status of sugar beet.

Objectives The present study aimed to compare the performance of Iranian Azerispeaking children based on Iran and the reference of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (Bayley III) norms. Materials & Methods The total sample included 248 infants and toddlers aged 16 days to 42 months and 15 days. The Iranian version of the Bayley III scale was used in this study. The scaled scores and composite scores in cognitive, language, and motor domains were compared based on Iran and reference Bayley III norms. Then, the proportions of children scoring <-1 standard deviation (SD) and <-2 SD were compared based on the two norms. Results The scaled scores of the study group were higher based on the reference norms in receptive communication, fine motor, and gross motor subtests. The scaled scores were variable in expressive communication and cognitive subtests. The differences were significant for receptive communication and fine motor subtests (P<0. 05). Using the reference norms instead of Iran norms resulted in under-referral regarding receptive communication and fine motor subtests. More children scored below 1 and 2 SD using Iran norms in comparison to those reported for using the reference norms. Conclusion Iran norms differ significantly from the reference norms over two subscales. It is recommended to use population-specific norms toidentify children with developmental delay and early intervention.

In order to study the nutritional status of orange orchards, Thompson navel sweet orange in north of Iran (east of Mazandaran province) through CND method, 133 orchards were studied in summer (August). After selecting and as signing 30 trees in each orchard, plant samples were taken from the trees in a proper time to determine concentration of the elements and their average yield was measured in the harvest season. By using the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of nutrients variance ratio model in this work, 27 orchards were considered as the high yielding group and 106 orchards were considered as the low yielding group. By solving the third-degree cumulative function equations related to the elements, the related yields were calculated and the cut-off yield was determined 58 ton ha-1. The norms were calculated for 10 elements from average concentrations of high yield groups: N 2. 32± 0. 24%; P 0. 17± 0. 01%; K 1. 74± 0. 24%; Ca 3. 38± 0. 94%; Mg 0. 41± 0. 08%; Mn 40± 18 mg kg-1; Zn 45. 8± 25 mg kg-1; Fe 199. 4± 78 mg kg-1; Cu 14± 6. 7 mg kg-1; B 80± 36 mg kg-1. Measured norms showed that K, P and Mn showed more deficiency in the orchards, respectively.

In this paper, the connection between Menger probabilistic norms and Hohle probabilistic norms is discussed. In addition, the correspondence between probabilistic norms and Wu-Fang fuzzy (semi-) norms is established. It is shown that a probabilistic norm (with triangular norm min) can generate a Wu-Fang fuzzy semi-norm and conversely, a Wu-Fang fuzzy norm can generate a probabilistic norm.

In the paper, \w introduce the notion of an action Yx as a generalization of the notion of a module, and the notion of a norm D: Yx ®F, where F is a field and D(xg) 6 (g’) = 6 (g) 6 (xg') as well as the notion of fuzzy norm, where D:gx® [0, 1] ÍR, with R the set of all real numbers. A great many standards mappings Oil algebraic systems can be modeled On norms as shown in the examples and it is seen that Ker D= {gl D(g) = O} has many useful properties. Some are explored. In the discussion of the discussion of fuzzy forms as they relate to the complements of sub actions Nx of Yx .

Introduction: The expected values of hematologic and serum biochemical parameters in domestic animal species can be affected by breed, age, environment, and nutrition. Established breed-specific reference intervals (RI) are an important tool for monitoring the health of sheep. There is a lack of published data on biochemical RI for Sngsari sheep. Thus, the aims of this study were to establish RI for select of serum biochemical parameters for Sangsari sheep by reference Value Advisor (RVA) method and provide information on the studied parameters for both sex of this breed in order to form a basis for clinical interpretation. Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy Sangsari sheep including 26 ewes and 34 rams (2– 4 years old) were chosen from the breeding station of Sangsari sheep among 150 sheep in Damghan, Semnan, Iran. The type of feeding, all the animals had free access to water and to good-quality alfalfa hay (90. 0 % DM, 15. 8 CP % DM, 50. 4NDF%DM, 31. 6ADF%DM, 5. 8 lignin% DM, and 2. 2 EE % DM). Concentrate (23 % oats, 36 % corn, 38 % barley, and 3%mineral and vitamin supplements) was provided once daily (200 g per animal per day). In the sampling day, breeder signed a subscription form and completed a primary questionnaire consisting of specific questions about past and current health status, sexual status, medications used, and familial and reproductive medical history. Complete physical examinations were performed by the same experienced veterinarian on each sheep. In order to reduce stress, blood samples were taken in the station with minimal changes in the usual schedule of the sheep. Blood samples (taken from the jugular vein) were collected in simple tubes in order to separate the serum (centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min) for biochemical analysis. Samples transported at +4 ° C to the laboratory department of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan, Iran. Biochemical parameters were measured by a autoanalyzer. These parameters included alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyletransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb). For statistical analysis, data were analyzed by reference Value Advisor and outliers were deleted if detected according to Tukey or Dixon. RIs, according to sample size, were determined using a robust method and following Box-Cox transformation of data. The data were normally distributed, and differences between sexes in biochemical parameters were analyzed using independent sample T test. A value of P<0. 05 was considered as significant. Results and Discussion: The RI of biochemical parameters obtained from adult healthy Sangsari sheep includes the following: ALP 49. 24-564. 84 u/l; GGT 24. 14-62. 23 u/l; AST 10. 86-338. 40 u/l; BUN 6. 91-26. 43 mg/dl; TP 5. 19-13. 95 gr/dl and Alb 0. 92-3. 63 gr/dl. Established RI of biochemical parameters for ewes and rams, respectively including: ALP 29. 98-702. 89 u/l; GGT 22. 41-54. 49 u/l; AST 1. 36-279. 89 u/l; BUN 5. 9526. 86 mg/dl; TP 5. 75-12. 83 gr/dl; Alb 0. 84-2. 77 gr/dl and ALP 106. 08-568. 55 u/l; GGT 20. 80-58. 30 u/l; AST 360. 12 u/l; BUN 8. 15-26. 04 mg/dl; TP 4. 66-15. 59 g/dl and Alb 0. 74-3. 77 g/dl. Interpretation of the biochemical results in different breeds of sheep, with regard to RI for each parameter, in conjunction with history, clinical findings and other paraclinical tests helps the clinician to reach a definitive diagnosis. A unique feature of Sangsari sheep is that they are highly adaptable with desert and mountain ranges with high tolerance of drought conditions. This breed is also relatively small size and light weight, and most studies have focused on genetic characteristics associated with this trait. In view of the characteristics mentioned above and considering the lack of reference range for biochemical parameters, it is necessary to determine reference intervals in Sangsari sheep. In order to establish a comprehensive reference interval in Sangsari sheep, a select biochemical parameters were evaluated in the present study. Almost most of the established RI for biochemical parameters in this study differed from previously published RI, so that the lower and upper limits of RI of theses parameters (with the exception of BUN) were lower and higher than the values previously reported. Differences between obtained RI for the Sangsari sheep and previously reported RI for other breeds may be attributed to variations in hormonal influences, hydration status, dietary differences, or adaptations to a desert environment, age, breed, season of study and analytic method. Conclusion: The obtained data provided reference interval for biochemical parameters in Sangsari sheep for the first time. Present study demonstrates significant differences in most of the biochemical parameters. reference intervals determined in this study provide a baseline for interpreting biochemical results in Sangsari sheep, and contribute to optimization of the management of this species.